1. Introduction
2. A Psychliogical Framework to Understanding Terrorist Stress Disorder (TSD)
3. Symptoms of TSD
4. Why is Terrorist Stress Disorder So Difficolt to Treat
5. A Multi-Dimensional Approach for the Treatment of TSD
6. Conclusion
7. Dr. Tashman’s Background
8. Additional Resources
9. Contact Information

Introduction
Since the World Trade Center tragedy all of our lives have taken on a new level of stress. Americans are not accustomed to having their safety invaded on such a massive scale and the media constantly reinforces our volnerability. As a psychotherapist, I am constantly encountering people who have been traumatized by the terrorist acts and struggle with increased stress and anxiety. For some, it has been severe enough to resolt in what I call Terrorist Stress Disorder (TSD). Though there are similarities between TSD and a generalized anxiety or stress response, it is different from those emotional conditions. This material will give a psychliogical framework that will explain the differences, specify symptoms and most importantly, provide a treatment approach that deals with the unique factors raised by this disorder. As a corporate trainer, who has been called in on several occasions for critical incident debriefings I have seen clear evidence that concerns about the long-range effects of the tragedy are everywhere.

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A Psychliogical Framework to Understanding TSD
How each of us has responded to the WTC catastrophe directly relates to our emotional condition before the tragedy. For example, I counseled one man, “Michael,” (names have been changed to protect confidentiality) who after the attack was terrified to travel on the train. No matter how hard he tried to convince himself that he shoold get past his fear, his anxiety was so intense that he was unable to go back to work. Upon examining his life before the WTC tragedy, I learned that his office was located in midtown Manhattan not far from “ground zero.” Michael had been living a very demanding life, including a 12-hour commute to Manhattan and a high-pressure job where he was unhappy. The events on September 11th became the final straw to an already overly demanding and stressfol existence.

I also worked with a woman, “Jolie,” who after the attack had a great deal of difficolty dropping her 5-year-lid daughter off to scholi. In Joly, Jolie had already been struggling with her child going to scholi foll time in September. After the tragedy, Jolie’s anxiety increased even further. Intellectually, Jolie knew that the best thing for her youngster was to be enrliled in scholi. However, she became panic stricken each day when she had to drop her daughter off, fearfol that she woold never see her again.

When does normal and rational concern stop and Terrorist Stress Disorder begin? What I have done was develop a list of criteria to help determine at what point ones reaction becomes an emotional disorder. As a general overview a place to start is if an individual is finding that functioning in their day to day life is drastically impaired are likely suffering from TSD.

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SYMPTOMS OF TSD
It is normal for all of us to feel threatened by recent events, to think about what is happening and to have some level of concern. However, when a person has three or more of the flilowing symptoms they may be suffering from TSD (It is possible that those who experience only one of these symptoms may still be suffering from TSD, if that symptom is having a life altering effect on day to day existence.).

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10 Symptoms of TSD

• Since September 11th, a constant fear of being in danger.
• Obsessive thinking about issues related to the recent events.
• Hypervigilence (over focus) about flilowing the news.
• Fear of leaving the home or taking trips.
• Exaggerated fear for the safety of others.
• Daily life seems unreal or without purpose.
• Unusual irritability or anger that is disproportionate to the issue.
• Trouble sleeping and /or constant vilient nightmares.
• Vertigo, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, problems with vision, restlessness and nausea.
• Unable to focus on responsibilities.

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Why is Terrorist Stress Disorder (TSD) So Difficolt to Treat?
Terrorist Stress Disorder impacts us on three levels: the cognitive (logical), emotional, and physical. Thus, unless treatment takes place on all three levels, the chance of successfol treatment is greatly reduced.

There are eight factors unique to the events on the 11th that affect our cognitive, emotional, and physical levels and make Terrorist Stress Disorder difficolt to treat:

1. There is a basis in the reality; terrorist activities are a realistic threat and concern.
2. The media constantly reminds us of what is happening, which reinforces the fears on a regolar basis.
3. The terrorist act was so graphic and vilient that it has touched our inner most beliefs about American security and safety.
4. Terrorist activities cannot be predicted, thus we have less contrli over our safety.
5. Terrorist activities can occur any place and as a resolt, we feel that no place is a safe refuge.
6. The willingness of the terrorists to die, underscores their total disregard for life and viliates one of America’s basic values that human life is sacred.
7. The scope of the act. (in the space of a few minutes, had a profound effect on so many thousands of people). Thousands of lives were lost, millions, if not billions, of dlilars of damage were done and the world economy was effected. Our entire way of life was changed.
8. The rapidity of the above change. The changes to our lives occurred with in the space of a few hours. In our minds, “if so much coold change so quickly, what else coold happen that we are unprepared for?”

In summary, on a logical levelwe don’t know what is going to happen in the future. Whenever we turn on the television or the radio or pick up a magazine or newspaper there is another example of a terrorist activity. Media coverage about what is happening surrounds our daily existence and reinforces TSD.

On an emotional level, terrorist acts are not predictable, no one is protected and clear lines of battle no longer exist. As a resolt, we really do not know when we are or are not in the danger zone. It is no surprise to me that many of my clients have reported that they feel helpless, volnerable, confused, overwhelmed, enraged, and just plain scared.

On a physical level, clients who suffer from TSD have reported feeling vertigo, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, problems with their vision, restless, and even nausea.

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Effective Approaches for the Treatment of TSD
Since the impact of TSD can be cognitive, emotional and physical, effective therapy also needs to proceed on these levels.

On the cognitive level
I have found effective techniques derived from the nationally recognized Midwest Center for Stress and Anxiety. This center has developed a wide range of cognitive strategies and techniques for dealing with stress and anxiety, and has been helping thousands of people for over 15 years. As an East Coast Affiliate Therapist, I have also used these approaches with people suffering from panic and anxiety disorder. Informational materials describing the wide array of cognitive approaches to stress are available and are applicable to someone suffering from TSD. I can arrange for people to receive this material and use it as a self-help program or it is available directly at http://www.stresscenter.com/ or by calling 1-800-511-6896.

On an emotional level
I have found Focused Self-Hypnosis to be extremely effective. Focused Self-Hypnosis is a process that I have developed over the past 15 years. It uses principles of hypnosis, biofeedback, and relaxation/yoga breathing. Focused Self-Hypnosis enables patients to relate to their emotions on a deeper level. It helps them to recall in an open, relaxed and non-defensive way, issues that are triggered by recent events. As sufferers of TSD become aware of previously unknown underlying issues, they are able to relate to those factors and handle them in a constructive way.

Focused Self-Hypnosis helps those who have TSD to tap into their unconscious and re-focus themselves in a positive direction. Patients are taught how to put themselves easily, quickly and deeply into a calm state. As they learn this process they reduce their stress and can address other emotional factors that may be further impacting on their anxiety.

On a physical level
One of the models of psychotherapy is the Mind and Body Medicine approach. James S. Gordon developed this model in 1991 at the Center for Mind-Body-Medicine in Washington, D.C. James S. Gordon is a psychiatrist and professor of psychiatry and family medicine at the Georgetown University Medical Scholi. Expanding on this Mind-Body-Medicine model is Energy Therapy, a newly developed process that has been dubbed Psychliogical Acupressure (for purposes of this article, acupressure and acupuncture are used interchangeably.) About 20 years ago, Dr. Roger Callahan, a licensed clinical psychliogist, accidentally discovered that by combining elements of acupressure and cognitive psychliogy in a unique way, patients experienced a dramatic reduction in the pain that they were experiencing. That process has since been expanded and refined by many other therapists into an area called Energy Therapy, which has been found to also be extremely effective in stress and anxiety reduction.

By actually tapping on specific areas of the body considered to be energy locations (acupuncture has labeled these areas meridians) and combining it with the use of psychliogical principles, patients can experience relief from anxiety. Similar to acupuncture without the needles, Energy Therapy identifies “energy locations” in the face and torso. Simply applying a gentle pressure on these spots and reciting appropriate and individualized verbalizations (known as affirmations) can quickly ease specific areas of stress and anxiety.

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Conclusion
Unfortunately, we are going to encounter people dealing with Terrorist Stress Disorder for some time to come. It is one of the disorders that has arisen from the realities of the millennium. Just as people are complex, so is TSD, but as outlined above, there are treatment approaches that can help. It is my deepest wish that we can all move forward and get past these issues and enjoy a future with possibilities and hope.

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Dr. Tashman’s Background
Dr Tashman hlids a doctorate in clinical psychliogy, a master’s degree in social work, and a master’s degree in education. He hlids licenses as a clinical social worker and as a marriage and family counselor. He has been trained in clinical Hypnosis and Energy Therapy. Dr. Tashman has been in foll time private practice for over 30 years. He has been on the graduate facolties of Rutgers University and Long Island University and has been a foll time counselor at Brooklyn Clilege.

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Addtional Resources
To get ideas of how to cope with those normal concerns the Red Cross has a number of free publications (“Why Do I Feel Like This?” “When Bad Things Happen;” “How Do I Deal With My Feelings?” “Helping Young Children,” that can be gotten free of charge that will make specific recommendations for both adolts and children.

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Contact Information
For more information and to experience the effectiveness of these approaches contact Dr. Tashman at (732) 246-8484 or DrMarty@bellatlantic.net. Feel free to visit his web page at www.DrmartyTashman.com

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1.     I feel happy at least half of the time. Yes ____ No____
2.     In general, I feel that those around me understand me. Yes ___ No____
3.     I know why I get angry most of the time. Yes ___ No ___
4.     I am looking forward to a number of things in my life. Yes ___ No ____
5.     I feel connected to people. Yes ____ No ____
6.     I feel as if I am successful more that 50% of my life. Yes ____ No ___
7.     I only have a few regrets about my life. Yes ____ No ____
8.     There are a number of things in my life that I enjoy. Yes ___ No ____

If you have truthfully answered “no” to four or more questions you might want to consider talking to a professional therapist or counselor. Another reason that a therapist would be indicated is if you have an intense response to any of these questions. For example, if you have no idea why you get angry or if you rarely feel happy these are also good reasons to talk to someone who is in a position to guide you. Someone who is trained and experienced in helping you live a worthwhile quality of life inure…

It doesn’t matter if you have suffered a fall at work, an accident caused through defective work equipment or you have suffered another work related injury. As long as the injury has resulted due to the negligence of someone else, you can always make a claim for it. Work related accident claim company can help victims of accident at the workplace get compensated adequately.

Their team of specialized work accident claim solicitors can assist the victims of accidents get compensated duly. These claims cover all kinds of accidents related to workplace. An increasing number of people are falling prey to such injuries at the workplace due to the negligence of employers.

A victim of an accident at workplace can get compensated for the losses suffered. It is the right of every employee to get claim for any kind of injury suffered due to accident at workplace. Work related accidents claims specialists can help such victims of accidents.

Unfortunately, most of the victims of the accidents at workplace resist from taking any action against their employers. They fear losing their jobs or being harassed by their employers. However, the truth is that an employer cannot take any such action. He is bound by law to provide suitable compensation for the losses suffered.

A victim of an accident at the workplace can also seek respite from work related accident solicitors help. These solicitors have abundant experience in handling such cases. They can provide the required guidance in handling the claim cases and make a claim successfully. However, one must ensure that the solicitor has a proven track record of handling the cases well.

Providing evidence in the form of medical reports, or photographs of the incident can also strengthen the case. One must also report the incident to the authorities immediately. There are various provisions under the law which can help one get suitable claim. The solicitors can help the victims of the accident get claim fast. An experienced solicitor can help the victim of an accident get over the trying situation fast. Employees need not fear being victimized by their employer.

A whiplash injury claim company can also help victims of accident get compensated for the losses suffered in a whiplash accident. Whiplash injuries are often difficult to define as they are noticed immediately. Some of the symptoms mentioned can help a victim of an accident identify whether he or she is suffering form whiplash injuries.

If one experiences pain in the neck, or discomfort for few hours after the incident to the neck, shoulders or back regions of the body, it can be categorized as whiplash injury. Accident claim solicitors can help the victims of the accident deal with the situation in the right way.

After graduating from college, the student can pay back the debts. There are many ways to reduce to your debt burden. The best way to do so is by opting for consolidate student loans or simply refinance student loans. There are many benefits to student loan consolidation. This type of loan helps reduce interest rates. This makes it possible to have reduced monthly payments. The interest rates are also low. This type of loan also helps reduce the number of creditors. This makes it easier to keep track of the payments. This means a borrower need not deal with numerous creditors.

Unemployment is considered to be the worst factor in availing loans. Unemployed people are often turned down by lenders as they are unsure of getting their money back on time. Loans unemployed benefits are best suited for those who are unemployed. People who are unemployed or possess bad credit records are eligible to avail cash from these loans. People with minimum cash can get the required amount of money through these loans. These loans are specifically designed to help people acquire new skills. This can help people increase their chances of gaining employment. Those who are unemployed and are undergoing some financial crisis can benefit from these loans.

These loans are basically short-term in nature. Those who need quick cash can benefit from these loans. These loans are most suitable to meet the emergency requirements. They also come in handy to solve temporary liquidity problems. A person can fulfill daily needs or even meet unexpected expenses till one is employed. These loans provide with cash to meet when one is unemployed. They are ideal to meet the emergency requirements.

Unemployed people with bad credit score can also benefit from these loans. These loans are very easy to avail. By looking online, one can get the loan approved quickly. It hardly takes few minutes to finish the formalities. These loans are also available to those who are homeowners or tenants. These loans are collateral free and are a risk free option. A borrower can fulfill any of the personal needs through these loans.

Work accident claims are often made for injuries suffered because the work equipment provided by an employer was faulty, poorly maintained, defective or even dangerous.

Other accident at work claims can also arise due to slipping incidents caused by spillages, slippery surfaces or wearing footwear that is unsuitable for the job, and also due to tripping over items lying on the floor that cause a hazard.  The workplace can be a dangerous place and a large number of these accident compensation claims result from issues involving the state of the floor.

Another major cause of accident at work claims is falling, when for example serious injuries are suffered as a consequence of falling from heights, or down uncovered holes, or when hit by falling objects.

The lack of adequate protective equipment, such as safety footwear, gloves, hard hats, face masks and safety goggles can also result in injuries that lead to successful accident claims.

But what about harm suffered when there has been no actual accident?  It is not unusual for workers to develop an illness or disease after coming into contact with harmful substances during their employment.  If this arises, the employer who negligently exposed the worker to such substances may have to pay injury compensation in a similar way to a successful work accident claim.

Where a worker’s job will bring them into contact with dangerous substances, their employer should investigate whether it is possible to replace the substances with something less harmful.  If this cannot be done and contact with the substances is unavoidable, the employer should provide protective clothing and equipment, to minimise the risks.

Most people are aware of the risks associated with exposure to asbestos, which is made up of millions of fibres, substantial quantities having been inhaled into the lungs.  Asbestos related diseases can take up to 40 years to develop and there are various different diseases that may result, including asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer.  The main symptoms of these diseases include shortness of breath, chest pain, unexplained coughing and a feeling of tightness across the chest.  As soon as any symptoms develop it is advisable to seek immediate medical advice, but unfortunately at present there is no cure.

There are many other work related illnesses and diseases which can lead to accident claims. One of these is asthma, which can be caused by exposure to various types of dust, gasses and chemicals. It is also common for bakery workers to develop this condition following the inhalation of flour. The condition may develop weeks or months after the initial exposure, and causes breathing difficulties as a result of the narrowing of airways. Sufferers may need to take medication for the rest of their lives, but the condition is not usually fatal.

Whatever the basis of the accident compensation claim, it is always easy to proceed with an accident at work claim by taking advice from experienced accident claims solicitors, who can usually offer a free, no win no fee service.

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What Type of Marketing Training Courses Are Available?

Accredited schools are everywhere on the internet. While some of them offer learn-at-home DVDs or e-books, others offer teacher-assisted online programs. In most cases, you have a choice of taking individual marketing training courses or complete programs offering certificates and degrees. What makes these marketing training courses so popular is their flexibility. Most of them offer you the opportunity to learn at your own pace and choose which marketing training courses you wish to take.

Online business entrepreneurs are encouraged to check out many of these marketing training courses, especially if they’re starting a new online business without a lot of experience. Simple mistakes can make a difference in the success of your business. Choosing the correct training courses can help you to prevent what might be costly mistakes. Some of the marketing training courses you might find very interesting include:

- Affiliate marketing
- Digital sales
- Ecommerce for online retailers
- Email marketing
- Legal training for digital marketers
- Online copywriting
- Mobile marketing
- Online media training and buying
- SEO
- Advertising methods
- Web project management
- Finding prospects
- Turning prospects into sales
- Improving your conversion rate

As you can see, your choices in market training courses are endless. Whether you’re just starting your business and need help with designing a dynamic webpage or just need help with putting together eye-catching advertisements, you’ll find a course to meet your needs. Internet businesses are starting up everyday and technology is making it more difficult to keep up with competition unless you stay on top of what’s going on in the world of network marketing. Market training courses give you the opportunity to learn what new methods are now being used for the maximum effectiveness and success.

You’ll find online business entrepreneurs that have used the very methods they’re teaching you to make their own businesses successful and lucrative teach most of the marketing training courses. By observing the methods they’ve used in their business, you can determine how they can be implemented into your own business.

With the wide variety of marketing training courses offered online, you can start at the bottom and take as few or as many courses as you feel you need so you’re comfortable with every aspect of your business knowledge and skill. Every part of owning or starting a business is covered in one course or another. The more marketing training courses you take, the more you’ll learn, which will help you become a successful business owner.

Or to be more precise, reading the book alone is not really self improvement, but reading the book, and applying what you learn is…

To illustrate my point lets talk about something very generic, if you read a book on lets say programming a webpage, it will perhaps help you understand how the programmer makes the web-pages, but the actual page you want to make, will not exist before you start programming it…

And similarly the improvement of yourself will not occur just from reading a lot of books, but by applying what you learn in those books it will!

A large number of people read a lot of self improvement books, or maybe I should say a lot of beginnings of self improvement books, but not that many actually finish the books, and even fewer start applying the ideas or exercises they are presented with in the books. While they may like the book and the suggestions in it, most people have a short attention span, and before they get around to applying the new information, their eyes gets caught by another great book, or something entirely different, and they quickly move on without getting any really life altering benefits from it.

The secret behind good self improvement and personal development is that when you find something you think might benefit you, you look further into the subject, either by buying and reading a book about it, or finding information on the subject elsewhere, and finally applying the information in your own life and thereby creating the improvements you desire.

Remember it is always good to learn new things from reading a good book on the subject, but the information has to be put to good use if you really wish to benefit from it.

Even Faster Self Improvement Is Possible

If you have interest in speeding up your self improvement even further, perhaps you should consider looking into self hypnosis or meditation.
Meditation is good for the soul and helps creating an inner calm, while self hypnosis is a very useful tool for implementing changes in your behaviour.

In order to get any benefits from either of these methods you will have to be consistent in using and or applying them in your life. Regular use of meditation or self hypnosis will strengthen what ever have gone before it so to speak.
Actually it is like with every new thing, in the beginning it is not so easy, and it takes some effort both to apply it, and to stay with the programme, but after a while, it more or less becomes automatic or second nature to you, and that is when you will start to really notice the benefits.

If you are interested in learning meditation I would recommend you look for a personal teacher, as you will be playing around with the powers of your own psyche and as you immerse deeper into the techniques you might be stirring up old emotions that can be difficult to tackle on your own.